The Enlightenment:
sociology came into
being then
-
ideas and social
life was turned on
its head
-
suddenly more
literate
citizens
-
not so much a
fixed idea as a
new attitude; a
new method of
thought
-
Many before had
thought/written
about society -
Aristotle,
Confucius, etc.
- but what is
different is
that they were
prescriptive
rather than
descriptive.
Sociology
-
Scientific
theories began -
about 15th
century -
astronomers,
etc.
-
Socy shares
those goals -
yet we all know
it is more
evaluative,
value-laden,
critical (you
don't criticize
an atom or a
planet)
-
Plus, change
MIGHT be more
common among
humans than
among other
spheres
-
Comte: the
name Sociology
(social physics
taken)
-
agriculture to
cities
-
few cities
in Europe w
a pop'l of
100,000 in
1800
-
in 1900,
more than
150 cities
that size
-
factories
-
machines:
efficiency
-
mechanization
- but at a
human cost
(hours,
child labor,
etc.)
-
nature -
cyclic.
(western)
culture -
linear
-
ALSO:
Ships,
travel!
Explorers
found other
lands, other
cultures
KARL
MARX
Emile Durkheim
MAX
Weber
What would
Marx and Durkheim say
about the following:
The
Democratic Party ... the
Lawyers’ Party.
Barack Obama is a lawyer
Michelle Obama is a
lawyer.
Hillary Clinton is a
lawyer.
Bill
Clinton is a lawyer.
John Edwards is a
lawyer.
Elizabeth Edwards is a
lawyer
Every
Democrat nominee since
1984 went to law school
(although Gore did not
graduate).
Every Democrat vice
presidential nominee
since 1976, except for
Lloyd Bentsen, went to
law school.
Leaders of the Democrat
Party in Congress:
Harry
Reid is a lawyer.
Nancy
Pelosi is a lawyer.
The
Republican Party ...the
Business Party
President Bush is a
businessman.
Vice
President Cheney is a
businessman.
The
leaders of the
“Republican
Revolution”:
Newt
Gingrich was a history
professor.
Tom
Delay was an
exterminator.
Dick
Armey was an economist.
House
Minority Leader Boehner
was a plastic
manufacturer.
The
former Senate Majority
Leader Bill Frist is a
heart surgeon.
Marx to Durkheim
|
Marx was first
(died 1880s)
|
Durkheim was
second (died
1917) |
|
Marx was German
|
Durkheim was
French |
|
If Marx was
about conflict |
Durkheim was
about
consensuses
(“glue”) |
|
If Marx was
about action
(praxis) |
Durkheim was
about science –
“social
facts”’ |
|
If Marx was
single
driving cause
|
Durkheim was
about “states”
(2, basically) |
|
If Marx was a
Taurus
(material) |
Durkheim was an
Aries (true
believer) |
|
If Marx was a
rebel (thrown
out…) |
Durkheim
was a success
|
|
If Marx called
for revolution |
Durkheim called
for reform |
|
If Marx was a
radical
|
Durkheim was
really a liberal
– |
|
If Marx saw a
succession of
class war |
Durkheim saw 2
“types” of
society |
|
If Marx saw
alienation |
Durkheim saw
anomie –
lost-ness |
|
If Marx saw
meaning as
meaningless |
Durkheim saw
meaning as
meaningful |
|
If Marx saw
religion as an
opiate
|
Durkheim saw divof
sacred-profane
as
lifeblood |